The FINRA Arbitration Process, Step by Step
What actually happens between filing a claim and receiving an award.
The FINRA arbitration process begins when an investor files a Statement of Claim and pays the filing fee, and ends when the panel issues a binding written award. Between those points sit pleadings, arbitrator selection, discovery, and a hearing.
The sequence is governed by the Code of Arbitration Procedure for Customer Disputes. Industria Business Lawyers LLP represents investors through each stage. See FINRA Arbitration Attorneys.
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The Stages of a FINRA Arbitration
Every customer case moves through the same basic sequence, though timing varies with complexity.
Filing the Statement of Claim
The case begins with a Statement of Claim setting out the facts, the causes of action, and the relief sought, filed with FINRA Dispute Resolution Services together with the filing fee and a signed submission agreement.
The Firm's Answer
The responding firm files an Answer addressing the allegations and raising its defenses. It may also assert counterclaims or bring in additional parties.
Arbitrator Selection
FINRA generates lists of potential arbitrators. The parties rank and strike names, and the panel is appointed from the surviving candidates. Panel size depends on the amount in dispute.
Discovery
The parties exchange documents and information. FINRA publishes a Discovery Guide identifying documents presumptively exchangeable in customer cases, which shapes what each side must produce.
Prehearing Conferences
The panel holds prehearing conferences to set the schedule, resolve discovery disputes, and address procedural motions before the hearing itself.
The Hearing and the Award
At the hearing each side presents evidence, examines witnesses, and argues its case. The panel then deliberates and issues a written award, which is binding. See FINRA arbitration awards.
When IBL Is Engaged
Engagement at an earlier stage generally produces better evidence.
Before the Statement of Claim is drafted. How the claim is framed shapes discovery and the damages theory for the rest of the case.
At arbitrator selection. Panel composition is one of the few strategic choices a claimant genuinely controls.
During discovery. Supervisory records and product due-diligence files are where firm-level failures usually appear.
Before the hearing. Expert selection and exhibit preparation determine how well a technical product is explained to the panel.
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From the very beginning, their team demonstrated exceptional expertise and a deep understanding of the complex legal landscape surrounding our Fund.
The attorneys were incredibly responsive, guiding me through every step of the process with clarity and professionalism.
They took the time to address all my questions and concerns, ensuring that I felt confident in each decision we made. Their attention to detail and thoroughness were evident in the documents they prepared, which gave me peace of mind knowing that everything was handled properly. What stood out most was their commitment to my vision. They not only provided legal advice but also offered valuable insights into the industry, helping me navigate potential challenges and seize opportunities. Their strategic approach was instrumental in setting up a robust fund structure that aligns with my goals.
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What IBL Does at Each Stage
Claim Drafting +
The Statement of Claim built around the facts, the causes of action, and a documented damages theory
Submission and Filing +
Filing with FINRA Dispute Resolution Services, including the submission agreement and fee
Panel Strategy +
Arbitrator lists researched and ranked, with strikes exercised deliberately rather than by default
Document Discovery +
Supervisory files, internal communications, and due-diligence records pursued under the Discovery Guide
Motion Practice +
Discovery disputes and procedural motions presented to the panel at prehearing conferences
Expert Testimony +
Experts engaged where the product structure or the damages model requires independent explanation
Hearing and Award +
The case presented at hearing, followed by confirmation or collection of the award
FAQ
01 • Securities How long does FINRA arbitration take?
Timelines vary with the amount in dispute, the number of parties, and the volume of discovery. Simplified cases decided on the papers resolve faster than full hearings with multiple witnesses. FINRA publishes current turnaround statistics.
02 • Securities Do I have to attend a hearing in person?
Not always. Smaller claims may be decided on the documents alone, and FINRA has expanded the use of video hearings. Larger claims ordinarily involve a live hearing.
03 • Securities Can the case settle before the hearing?
Yes, and many do. Parties can settle at any point, and FINRA offers mediation alongside arbitration as a separate voluntary process.
04 • Securities What documents will I need?
Account statements, account opening documents, confirmations, correspondence with the advisor, and any offering or marketing materials you received. The more complete the file, the faster the assessment.
05 • Securities What if my broker has left the industry?
The claim generally proceeds against the brokerage firm, which is responsible for supervising its representatives. A representative’s departure does not extinguish a supervision claim.
Talk to a Securities Attorney
Tell us where your matter stands, or call (202) 860-1210.
This page provides general legal information about FINRA arbitration and does not constitute legal advice or create an attorney-client relationship. Rules, procedures, and case law change. Information is current as of August 2026. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.